Consecrated as the Church of Hagia Sophia in 1698, it was more commonly known as St Nicholas Church, named after the icon that was brought with the first priest Fr Maxim taken to Beijing from Albazin back in 1685. It was destroyed by earthquake on August 19, 1730.
This church was rebuilt and consecrated on the feastday of the Holy Dormition on August 15, 1732 as the Dormition Church in Beiguan, Beijing. This church along with its belfry was destroyed during the Yihetuan Uprising in the summer of 1900.
The Church of All Holy Martyrs was built in 1903 on the original site of St Nicholas Church.