Keping of Xenia borisovn (1937-2002) - Russian orientalist -tangutoved, the doctor of philological sciences. He was the chief scientific worker of the St. Petersburg branch of the institute of oriental study AN RF
Built in The the beiguan (Beijing) in the territory of Russian spiritual mission the temple of all holy martyrs personified in itself the idea of the missionary service of the members of the mission: in one tomb here found eternal rest martyr- Chinese, who be killwas for the orthodox faith, and their spiritual pastors - metropolitan Innocent (Figurovskiy) and archbishop Simon (Vinogradov), the chiefs respectively of 18 and 19 missions.
However, to this, that is been located so far from Russia temple by the will of the unpredictable post-revolutionary fates it was judged become temporary refuge, also, for the Russian martyrs - the members of the family of Romanovs's house, killed in the Urals in 1918. So life completely unexpectedly confirmed the existed among the terms of mission idea about the connection of mission with the house Of romanovykh2.
The history of the temple of all holy martyrs in Beijing is completely unknown in Russia. In this article I will attempt on the basis of some written sources, among which the main thing is the periodical "Chinese blagovestnik"e, and also the recollection of the relatives of the last chief of Russian spiritual mission in China, metropolitan Victor (Svyatina) (1893-1966), to take the first step toward the reconstruction of this tragic page of the history of Russia.
Russian spiritual mission in Beijing was completely destroyed two hundred years after its base: bokser1skoye uprising in 1900 boldly from face of the earth of church, belfries, and also all habitable and administrative buildings of mission. Burnt was most valuable library of mission gathered during many decades. Bey-guan' was pepelishcheya.
"mission, after remaining without the roof, by the order of authorities sent of one place into another - of Beijing into Tun-Zhoushch, from To tun-Zhou into Tyan'tszin, and from Tyan'tszina already itself moved to Shankhay"'. In this heavy situation is understandable the turning during October 1900 of the ober- attorney SV of the synod K.P. of Pobedonostsev to rossiy1skomu envoy in Beijing with the proposal to transfer mission, "if it cannot be of benefit in China, into Siberia or into the port -Artur"7. However, the matter was complicated by the fact that during the bokser1skogo uprising and the slaughter of Christians in the mission perished 222 Chinese- Christians, "suffered for the orthodox faith and made for the mission by a great sacred thing. To leave this sacred thing to the arbitrariness of fate there would be shamefully and greshno"8.
The chief of 18 missions arkhimandrit Innocent (Figurovskiy) on 11 October, 1901, presented SV to synod the roster of 222 orthodox Chinese, who be killwas for the orthodox faith, and solicited about permission into their memory to arrange on the spot for the destroyed missiyskoy church in Beijing temple in the honor of all holy martyrs of orthodox church. The edict of His Imperial Majesty of the autocrat of All-Russian from SV government synod after number 2874 of 22 April, 1902, permitted arranging in Beijing temple in the "honor of all holy martyrs of orthodox church with the tomb for the burial in it of the bones of the izbiyennykh orthodox Chinese and the establishment for the orthodox community in China of yearly celebration 10 and on 11 June" (by the new style of 23-24 June) with the cross motion to the places of the slaughter of orthodox khristian9.
On the old foundation of that destroyed during the Boxer Rebellion of tserkviy0 in the northeastern part Of bey-guanya 1903 was as long ago as arranged the tomb, where they were transferred the remains of orthodox Christians. Them they here covered first into the silk cloths, and then into the oiled linen they assumed into the marble tombs.
In 1904, to the anniversary of the loss of orthodox Christians, laying the temple of all holy martyrs was finished. To the same time was completed finishing the altar of this temple. And on 10 June, 1904, took place solemn osvyashcheniye of tomb. In 1906 above the single-story building of tomb the second floor, where was blessed church into the name Of svt. of Nikolai, was build ot.
The builder of the temple of all holy martyrs (usually called simply the "temple of martyrs") was that become by this time already bishop ruler innokentiyyy. At the end of the thirtieth is annual the living in the emigration in China General OF M.T. Of kolobov (1868 - after 1939) he wrote: "on the rank of the orthodox church, when is constructed new temple, under the throne by hands arkhiyereyskimi are relied the power of holy martyrs. So by deceased ruler Innocent's hands into the base of Chinese church are assembled and buried in the section missions in Beijing the remains of martyr victims for the orthodox faith of kitaytsev"y2.
This was excellent white-stone temple in the the Old-Russian of stileye, which they married five blue with the gold stars cupolas. To the second floor of this dvuprestol'nogo temple to the area before the entrance into the church Of svt. of Nikolai from two sides conducted the stairs. From this area was opened excellent view of entire Bey-guan'yya.
Through there are many years (in 1931 g.) very builder of the temple of martyrs, metropolitan Innocent, will be buried in the altarnoy part of the tomb of the temple Of muchenikovyshch. In 1933 next to metropolitan Innocent they will bury archbishop Simon (Vino1gradova), chief of 19 missions. Next to them will leave the place for archbishop Victor, the chief of 20 missions.
The temple of the martyrs, where they rested together and the pastors of orthodox church (Russians), and its fumes (orthodox Chinese), was the highly respected and thoroughly protected by sacred thing mission, its symbol. The temple of martyrs as the symbol of mission was depicted on the title page "Chinese of blagovestnika"y'. And on the cover of the thus far only book in the Russian language, dedicated to mission, Petrov's book V.P. is placed the figure precisely of the temple Of muchenikovy".
This temple in the territory Of bey-guanya was almost always closed, and the daily divine services, assumed according to the regulations of monastery, were accomplished in the Uspenski church, situated in the western part Of bey-guanya and which had entrance beyond the limits of the walls Of bey-guanya.
However, nevertheless several times in the year in the temple of martyrs occurred divine services. Svyato-Nikolayevskaya church on the second floor of temple - small, but because of four windows to the left and to the right very bright, with the bright pink iconostasis and the icon case in the Old-Russian style above the icon Of svyatitelya Of nikolayay8, opened its doors into the nicoline day. From the Uspenski church here was transferred and was placed on the middle of church the sacred thing of mission - wonder-working icon Of svt. of Nikolai (Mozhaisk), brought by cossacks to Beijing from the fortress Of albazin into 1685 goduy9. "this historical relic of Siberia, witness of bylykh Russian marches to Amur"20, on which Svt. Nikolai is depicted with the sword in the hand, in 1900 were taken away by the members of mission into the embassy block and by this it was rescued from the destruction by boxers.
Tomb was opened during the main holiday (as has already been spoken above, 23 and on 24 June) - in the days of the memory of Chinese- Christians, which be killwas during the Boxer Rebellion. Since 1904 was established the specific procedure of conducting this holiday, which was not disrupted during the decades.
Early in the morning (in order to avoid heat) 24 iyunya2y began service in The uspen1skoy church. The water-holypublic prayer and the liturgy first served, then - public prayer to all holy martyrs. With singing of irmosov (church pesnopeniy of morning canon) by "wave sea" all locating in the church by cross motion left for the places of the slaughter of Christians and, first of all, - to the temple of all holy martyrs. The terminal point of cross motion was the Russian cemetery, located after the city (i.e., after the Beijing urban of stenoy)22 at a distance of three and the more of versts from Bey-guanya.
From the Uspenski church cross motion through The arkhiyereyskiy park left to the road, which leads to the temple of martyrs, which became visible immediately after the marble bridge. In the tomb of the temple of martyrs it served lithium. After this, cross motion went around all other places in Bey-guane, where orthodox Chinese were killed, and it was sent toward the holy gates under the belfry, which is the precise copy of the belfry of Nicol church, that on the wads into Moskve§Ú. On the belfry there were seven bells, the largest of which weighed fifty pudov2ya.
After passing under the holy gates, cross motion entered to the moved across the street bridge, which connects The arkhiyereyskiy park (central region of mission) with the southern park. On the bridge to the left and there was to the right the fence from reshetkoy2shch. In the southern park cross motion immediately fell on the enormous cathedral area, prepared for that outlined here for the construction of majestic cathedral into the name of the resurrection Of khristova2'.
Cross motion, after passing through entire southern park, exceeded through the iron gates the limits of mission. These gates, which emerge on the alley Of yanguan', were the main entrance into the mission, by its post address - Dunchzhi of men', Bey-guan', Yanguan' of khutun, 21 khao (gates Of dunchzhi, Bey-guan', the alley Of yanguan', number 21).
After exceeding the limits of mission, cross motion turned on the alley Of yanguan' to the left (to the east) and on the dusty and curved by-streets left to the wide street Of dunchzhi of men' datsze. The accompanied usually by the enormous crowd of Chinese cross motion displaced from Dunchzhi of men' datsze and it followed to the winch Of an'din, which are located in the northern urban wall of Beijing, through which it exceeded the limits of city. Immediately beyond these gates was located "triangle" (in Chinese "San' of tszyaoer of dy")2", where Chinese- Christians also perished. In the memory of Christians killed at this place the mission built here strannopriimnyy (lodging) house to 60 people, intended for the Chinese population, moreover not only orthodox. Here also it served lithium. Hence cross motion left for the north, there, where at a distance of verst with fourth was located missiyskoye kladbishche28 - terminal point of cross motion.
Cemetery was the elongated rectangle, surrounded by wall. From the western side to the cemetery fitted closely Russian military cemetery to 50 graves - "soldier graves with the monotonous octagonal crosses, painted into green krasku"29. In the center of missiyskogo cemetery were located the belfry and the church of Serafim sarovskiy to 350 cheloveke0 with five gilded cupolas. Under the ringing of the bells of cemetery belfry cross motion entered on the cemetery, where in the church served lithium and rehearsed "eternal memory" to the killed Christians. Then after short leisure, during which to clergymen and fraternity was proposed the tea, cross motion left for the return route.
On the way back still more than Chinese they accompanied the cross motion, which was extended more than by verst. After reaching the winch Of an'din, cross motion sometimes returned to Bey-guan' with another way - procession rose to the Beijing urban wall, it went through the wall to the angular northeastern tower, where got down downward and through the wicket went to the territory Bey-guanya.
Twenty years after the loss of orthodox Chinese in Beijing, when Russia, after traversing imperialist war and bloody revolution, survived Civil War, hundreds of thousands of Russian refugees gushed out into China. Many of them found to itself shelter in the Russian spiritual mission. This was the time, when the walls of the temple of martyrs became temporary refuge, also, for the Russian martyrs - the victims of alapayevskoy tragedy in the Urals.
As is good izvestnoey, on the night to y8iyulya of 1918 of six members the families of Romanovs's house were living discarded into the mine near the Ural city Of alapayevska. These were: Elizabeth fedorovna (r. 1864), the elder sister of the tsarina of Alexandra Fedorovny, the widow of great prince Sergey Alexandrovich; Grand Duke Sergey Mikhaylovich (r. 1869), the General -fel6dqe1xme§Áter of artillery; three sons of great prince Constantine Constantinovich (writer, who signed his works by initials K.R.) - princes Hans (r. 1886), Constantine (r. 1890) and Igor (r. 1894); prince Vladimir paley, the son of great prince Pavel Alexandrovich from the morganaticheskogo marriage. With them together into the mine were discarded nun Barbara and controlling great prince Sergey Mikhaylovich Fedor semenovich's court titmouse. When Alapayevsk was occupied with troops of white, body of those killed were extracted from the mine and exported through Siberia into Kitaye2. This is how this describes the already mentioned above General OF M.T. Of kolobov: "the coffin of kingly martyrs and their loyal servant (is in the form F.S. a titmouse. - SPACECRAFT.) were delivered into Beijing on 3 April, 1920, from Harbin, where they were exported on Admiral Kolchak's order. On the arrival into Beijing they, in view of the prohibition by Chinese laws to introduce into the city of dead persons, were placed in the tomb of Russian cemetery church, which is been located north goroda"ee, i.e., in the tomb of Serafim sarovskiy's church on the missiyskom cemetery after the urban gates Of an'din. Hearth hollow of this church specially for with Romanovs's remains was sepulchral arranged sklepeya.
Although on the missiyskom cemetery constantly were located storozhaeshch, archbishop Innocent was disturbed for the safety of princely it was sepulchral - the sacred thing of Russian people - it were attempted to transfer them to the territory Of bey-guanya into the temple of all holy martyrs. However, Chinese authorities, referring to the law, which forbids burials in the limits of city, in no way gave to this of agreement.
Only in eighteen years of po1sledniy the chief of mission archbishop Victor could transfer Romanovs's remains into Bey-guan': "with change in the political position in north Of kitayee' for the chief of mission Vysokopreosvyashchenneyshemu Victor it was possible in 1938 to obtain permission of Chinese authorities to transfer these of coffin into the temple of the martyrs, where they find at present (i.e., in 1939. - K.K.)"e". General Kolobov writes: "in the lower church (temple of martyrs. - SPACECRAFT.) in the niches of walls are temporarily placed 5 grobove8 of the victims of alapayevskoy tragedy - great prince Sergius Mikhaylovich, princes of Hans, Constantine and Igor Constantinovich and manager court it conducted book Sergius Mikhaylovich - Fedor semenovich Remez"e9.
Kolobov, speaking, that the coffins of alapayevskikh martyrs "are temporarily placed" into the tomb of the temple of martyrs, it has in the form that with their time they will conceal in Russia. However, unfortunately, General kolobov's words proved to be prophetic in another sense.
This is what occurred. Further I transfer the story of its mother, O.V. Of keping (Svyatinoy), sister of metropolitan Victor.
"after revolution of 1917 Rossiy1skaya spiritual mission in China was subordinated to the holiest synod of the Russian Orthodox Church abroad. In 1944 goduya0, i.e., even during the Japanese occupation, archbishop Victor turned himself into the embassy OF THE USSR in Beijing with the official report to the name of the Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia with the request about the reunification with the patriarch church, but only into y9ya'g. Russian spiritual mission in China could restore the canonical contact with the Moscow Patriarkhiyey interrupted by revolution.
In 1947 archbishop Victor was caused to the consulate OF THE USSR in Beijing, where Consul General transmitted to it order from Moscow to conceal Romanovs secretly on the missiyskom cemetery after the winches Of an'din. Archbishop Victor directed the colleague of mission to the father of Mikhail reshetnikovuyay to conceal the remains of alapayevskikh victims. At night on several supplies together with other Russian colleagues of mission father Mikhail reshetnikov exported coffins with the remains of Romanovs and concealed them on the the missiyskom of kladbishcheya2.
So almost thirty years after their death alapayevskiye martyrs were for the first time devoted to the earth ".
In 1955 archbishop Victor obtained the order Of patriarkhii of 11 March, 1955, to abolish Russian spiritual mission, and entire property of the mission, wherever it not was located in China, to transmit to the embassy OF THE USSR in Beijing. During May 1956 archbishop Victor conducted the repatriation of Russian clergymen himself departed in SSSRYAE.
Soon after archbishop Victor's departure to the native land in Bey-guane were exploded belfry and sacred thing of mission - temple of all holy martyrs.
1989- m, i.e., thirty five years after the departure of our family from China, at the heighth of reconstruction I went to Beijing in its oriental specialty. However, during the first day on the arrival into Beijing of y"sentyabrya of 1989, I left for the embassy OF THE USSR, i.e., into Bey-guan'. The territory of Soviet embassy covered the northern off-center (in the essence Arkhiyereyskiy park) region of old Bey-guanya. The main entrance into the embassy, which is been located to the east from the building of missiyskoy library, conducted directly into the former Arkhiyereyskiy park. The territory of the southern park, where had to be built temple into the name of the resurrection of Christ's, did not enter into the limits of embassy. Judging by the map of Beijing 1990, the alley Of yanguan' (, where it was once the main entrance into the mission) is located sufficiently far from the embassy. In the embassy itself on the spot of the destroyed belfry the arbor in the European style was built. Svyato-Innokent'evskiy temple (been sy-e- fie, see that annotated. 27), where stood per year of our departure from Beijing the albazinskaya icon Of svt. of Nikolai, there was oskvernen - in it they arranged hall for the embassy solemn methods. The temple of all holy martyrs - this white-stone miracle - there did not exist: at its place there was the flat area, which was overgrown with young trees.
And no one of the rank and file colleagues knew embassy in 1989 that it was here in all some thirty five years ago: on the official version, the enormous territory of embassy was presented to Soviet government by China in 1950- e years - in the years of the friendly relations between two countries.
Beijing in thirty years changed to the unrecognizability, and, naturally, to independently find the Russian cemetery, about which I remembered only that it was located beyond the winches Of an'din, 4 it not could. I was turned for help to the wonderfully speaking in Russian old residents of Beijing, to whom it were introduced during the first days on the arrival into China. I explained that on the Russian cemetery was buried my grandmother, the mother of my father, Mary Alekseyevna keping (Klimov). Beijing old residents know the history of mission, they knew also about albazintsakh and they remembered ruler Victor. They said to me that the park was broken on the spot of cemetery, and they agreed to take a trip with me there. In the spring of 1990 we went to the missiyskoye cemetery after the winches An'dinyaya. It turned out that the Russian cemetery is completely destroyed, and not one graves or sepulchral plates 4 found. On the spot of missiyskogo cemetery was located large urban park "Molodezhnaya lake" (in Chinese "gun"yuan' Of tsinnyan' khu"). In the park are arranged the areas for different games, including into the golf (possibly, this detail it were memorized because the areas for the game into the golf were not characteristic for the Soviet parks of leisure). But the center section of the park does occupy large artificial lake - not there whether they were located the gold-cupolaed church of Serafim sarovskiy with the belfry? Indeed, judging according to the description of cemetery, which was preserved in the "Chinese bearer of good tidings", Serafim sarovskiy's church was located in the center section of the cemetery. Me struck obvious analogy with the exploded temple of Christ rescuer in Moscow and the arranged at his place swimming pool for the Muscovites. I cannot say only, do bathe pekintsy in the Molodezhnaya lake - indeed there was early spring.
In this urban park me they did not leave the sensation of the cemetery atmosphere and feeling of grief and grief. But, possibly, this was my subjective perception.
1 Bey-guan' ("northern podvor'e" - this name can be met, also, on the maps of Beijing 1990 g.) occupies the northeastern angle of old Beijing, which fitted closely directly to the now destroyed urban wall of Beijing. In 1685 the emperor of Kahn- SI presented this territory to captured cossacks, defenders of the fortress Of albazin in Amur. From 1685 through 1956 here find Russian spiritual mission in China. According to the order of Moscow Patriarkhii of 11 March, 1955, entire property of the Russian spiritual mission, wherever it not was located in China, was transmitted by its last chief - archbishop Victor (Svyatinym) to Soviet embassy in China. The territory Of bey-guanya was converted into the embassy OF THE USSR (now the embassy of Russia).
2 "orthodox Beijing mission and by its beginning, and with further history is connected with the reigning house of Romanovs. Beginning from tsar Aleksey Mikhaylovich's days up to now Beijing mission in face of kingly persons it had high patrons and defenders of its interests, and this it forces mission grateful memory about the reigning house to connect with its main sacred thing "(Chinese bearer of good tidings (in more detail about it see that annotated. 3). 1914. Iss. 1-2. S. 3) under the "main sacred thing" of missions is in the form a temple into the memory of the three hundred years of Romanovs's house, which the mission was assembled to build in Bey-guane (see that annotated. 26). Speaking about the connection of mission with Romanovs's house, should be also noted this fact: Great princess Elizabeth Fedorovna in 1905 endowed To rossiy1skoy spiritual mission in China march temple (Proceedings of the brotherhood of orthodox church in China. 1905. Iss. 19-20. S. 1-3).
3 the journal "Chinese bearer of good tidings" wrote in 1939: "in this time" Chinese bearer of good tidings "is the only Russian periodical, which were preserved from the prewar (there is in the form the First World War. - SPACECRAFT.) time and by generally oldest Russian publication in zarubezh'e "(January- February s. 43). Since 1904 the periodical left by the name "Proceedings of the brotherhood of orthodox church in China" and was printed in Harbin in the "first particular printing house" (br. Of skoblinykh). During October 1907 on the report of the chief of the mission instead of "Izvestia of brotherhood..." SV synod permitted publishing in Beijing "Chinese bearer of good tidings" (ibid.).
4 for greater detail, see: Ipatova A.S. the celebration of the 250- anniversary of Russian spiritual mission in China //Pravoslaviye in the Far East: the 275- anniversary of Russian spiritual mission in China. St. Petersburg, 1993. S. 75-76.
5 To tun-Zhou (in the contemporary transcription To tunchzhou) - the small city to the east of Beijing, connected with it by railroad.
6 Chinese bearer of good tidings. 1910. Iss. 8. Of s.y".
7 there.
8 there.
9 Proceedings of the brotherhood of orthodox church in China. 1904. Iss. 6-7. S. 1-2.
10 on some information, destroyed there was Uspenski church (Chinese bearer of good tidings. 1910. Iss. 8. S. 19), on others - SV nikolayevskaya church (Chinese bearer of good tidings. 1685-1935. Anniversary sb. S. 14)
11 bishop Innocents (at the end of the life - metropolitan Innocent) not only built the temple of all holy martyrs - precisely it restored from the ruins mission in Bey-guane, having considerably enlarged its boundaries. Its activity as the chief of mission, that was being continued for 33 years, it unconditionally deserves special illumination.
12 Kolobov M.T. Of bey-guan'. Tyan'tszin, 1939. S. 60-61.
13 there. S. 112.
14 to me it is unknown, who was the architect of the temple of all holy martyrs. However, there were drawings of the reconstruction of temple it seems architect yarona. On the walls in archbishop Victor's rests viseli the drawings of some temple. But, possibly, these were the drawings of the cathedral into the memory of the three hundred years of Romanovs's house, which it had to elevate in Bey-guane: it was intended to build the majestic cathedral, which had to become the main sacred thing of mission in China (see that also annotated. 26).
15 Kolobov M.T. indices SOCh. S. 60-61.
16 thus, for instance, in 1912-1913 the figure, which depicts the temple of martyrs, decorates the title page of "Chinese bearer of good tidings".
17 Petrov V.P. Russian spiritual mission in China. Washington, 1968.
18 description Of svyato-Nikolayevskoy church see: Chinese bearer of good tidings. 1910. Iss. 11-12. S. 5.
19 v of the mass departure of Russians from China to THE USSR (1954 g.) the icon Of svt. of Nikolai find in SV of innokent'evskoy church in Bey-guane.
20 Chinese bearer of good tidings. 1922. Iss. 1. Of s.y8.
21 framework of article force me to limit to description only one day of celebrations.
22 Beijing was surrounded by the wall, uniform with the Great wall of China. At present urban wall is destroyed.
23 Chinese bearer of good tidings. 1904. Iss. 6-7. S. 19.
24 Proceedings of the brotherhood... of 1904. Iss. 4. S. 13.
25 image of the belfry above the holy gates and of the bridge going from it, along both sides of which was established the fence with the beautiful forged lattice, decorated the title page of "Chinese bearer of good tidings" in 1914-1915.
26 according to the edict SV of the synod of 13 July of y9yeg. (Chinese bearer of good tidings. 1914. Iss. 1-2. S. 3, 6, 13), were decided into the memory of the three hundred years of Romanovs's house to build in Beijing temple into the name of the resurrection of Christ's. As early as 1912 archbishop Innocent purchased to the south from the holy gates of mission the piece of the earth almost into three dessiatines. This territory, which began to be called southern park, it were intended for the construction of cathedral. Was already cleared the enormous cathedral area, which is mentioned in the "Chinese bearer of good tidings" as one of the points of the movement of cross motion (Chinese bearer of good tidings. 1913. Iss. 6. S. 7). However, cathedral so and not was never built: war and revolution intervened.
27 "... with separation of two roads, one northern and other northwest, which leads into the tormentil, evidently single-story building from the common brick (the Chinese have entire brick gray) by svysokoy fence, by the semi-circular arch on the winches, crowned by white cross. This is "triangle". Entire building with the fence occupies almost equilateral triangle with area about forty sq. segenes (i.e., approximately 80 square meters. - SPACECRAFT). Place this is yielded missions into 1900 (by agreement about the purchase of court "Sy-e- fie") into the eternal property for the device of lodging shelter into the memory of the izbiyennykh and buried here Christians "(Proceedings of the brotherhood... of 1905. Iss. 4 and 5. S. 4-5). Sy-e- fie - this is the building of Chinese architecture with the buildings fitted closely to it, which was preserved up to now in the territory of the embassy of Russia in Beijing.
28 Missiyskoye cemetery the urban gates Of an'din should be distinguished from the albazinskogo cemetery, which was being located in the northeastern angular tower of Beijing urban wall, the burials of the latter were postponed by missiyskoye cemetery in THE XIX century thus, for instance, the remains of the chief of the 1st mission, arkhimandrita of Hilarion (Lezhayskogo) they were transferred in 1960- X yr. (Chinese bearer of good tidings. 1918. Iss. 7-8. S. 15)
29 Chinese bearer of good tidings. 1913. Iss. 6. Of s.8.
30 Chinese bearer of good tidings. 1904. Iss. 10. Of s.y0.
31 see, for example, chapter "alapayevsk" in kn: Scott S. Romanovs: Tsarist dynasty: Who they were? What with them did become? Ekaterinburg, 1993. S. 86-94.
32 histories of the removal from Russia of the remains of alapayevskikh victims are in detail described in the book: Trofimov A. prepodobnomuchenitsa Elizabeth: Life. Acathistus. M., b.g.
33 Kolobov M.T. indices SOCh. S. 113.
34 Chinese bearer of good tidings. 1922. Iss. 1. Of s.ya.
35 on the cemetery "there were two houses of rock Chinese building for the watchman of cemetery" (Proceedings of the brotherhood... of 1904. Iss. 10. S. 3).
36 it is necessary to keep in mind that the Japanese occupation began since 1937 in North China.
37 Kolobov M.T. indices SOCh. S. 113.
38 v Alapayevske was eight victims; however, Kolobov he speaks only about five coffins. The fact is that the remains of Elizabeth fedorovny and nun Barbara they were soon transported from China to Jerusalem. "Chinese blagovest1nik" it wrote: "at will of princess Victoria feodorovny, sister of princess Elizabeth feodorovny's great, during November 1920 two coffins - great of princess Elizabeth feodorovny and its poslushnitsy of Barbaras - are sent for Jerusalem" (1922. iss. 1. S.ya). However, it is incomprehensible, why the prince Vladimir paley is not mentioned among those brought into Beijing.
39 Kolobov M.T. indices SOCh. S. 112-113.
40 for greater detail, see: Keping O.V. the last chief of Russian spiritual mission in China - archbishop Victor: path in life //Pravoslaviye in the Far East: the 275- anniversary of Russian spiritual mission in China. St. Petersburg, 1993. S. 95.
41 Otetss Mikhail lathings later (when it is accurate, to me unknown) it departed from Beijing to THE USSR. In 1951 it still was in China, since "diakon Mikhail reshetnikov" is mentioned among those, to whom "is taught patriarch blessings with the delivery of certificates" (Chinese bearer of good tidings. Iss. 1. S. 13). Its photograph with the signature OF "I.F. of lathings, i.ob. of psalm-reader" is given under the heading "clergy and serving of Russian spiritual mission (Beijing -T4n6qzin)" (Chinese bearer of good tidings. 1947, August - September. S. 23). possibly, into the initials Of reshetnikova stole in the error - must be "M.F.". Its fate is not known to me. To Krasnodar in the last chief of mission ruler Victor, where the ruler lived from 1956 through 1966, father Mikhail reshetnikov as if never arrived.
42 hardly sorrowful procession with Romanovs's remains, which was being directed by night from Bey-guanya to cemetery after the winches Of an'din, repeated the way of cross motion described above and went on wide and noisy Dunchzhi of men' datsze - most likely, supplies with the coffins, in order not to draw attention, they were pulled to the winches Of an'din on the narrow and dark alleys (khutunam) of the northeastern outskirts of Beijing.
43 v 1954 - per year of the mass departure of Russians from China to THE USSR - archbishop Victor was caused from Beijing to Moscow into Patriarkhiyu. Our family (father, mother 4) awaited his returns, but all periods passed, but it all did not return, and not there was connection with it of any. In that yr I graduated from secondary school in the city tientsin, and parents did not allow thought, that 4, after graduating from school with the gold medal, I will lose yr without the continuation of studies. So without having waited for archbishop Victor's return, we at the end of June left from Beijing to Kazakhstan "to the mastery of the new and fallow earth". When our family reached point of destination in the Kustanay region, Patriarkhiya it declared ruler Victor about uprazd1nenii of Russian spiritual mission in China - this was on 30 July, 1954, after this it I could return to Beijing. We were seen with ruler Victor only in 1956, when it returned to THE USSR.
44 archbishop Victors in its report of №2'' of 3 December, 1949, to patriarch Aleksy's name, transferring the property of mission, he wrote: "Missiyskoye orthodox cemetery after The an'dinmyn'skimi gates is recorded to the mission. Kupchaya in the order ".
To the article "temple of all holy martyrs in Beijing"
In the period from 22 to 25 February, 2005, in the territory of the former Russian spiritual mission in China (at present the territory of embassy RF in PRC - CHINESE PEOPLES' REPUBLIC) by authorization and at the invitation of the ambassador RF to PRC - CHINESE PEOPLES' REPUBLIC I.A. Of rogacheva by the forces of leader and organizer of expedition Boris gennad'evicha Aleksandrov (S.- Petersburg, the vnuchatyy nephew of metropolitan Victor (Svyatina) - the chief of last, 20th Russian spiritual mission in China (further in the text - RDMK), the archaeologist of Andrey gervasiyevicha Vasil'yev (Moscow, VNIISMI), of chief specialist of Sergey vital'evicha Merkulov (Ministerstvo the culture of the Stavropol territory, GUP "heritage") was carry ouied the work on the search for the location of the foundation of the temple of all holy martyrs, assumed place of last secret burial it was sepulchral by the remains of the victims of alapayevskogo murder. Research works were conducted with the use of geo-radar. In the course of expedition the position of the foundation of temple was determined.
During April the month of 2005 participants in the expedition met in Moscow with metropolitan Cyril and described to representatives Moscow Patriarkhii about their works.
For determining the presence of burials in the temple conducting search operations with the dissection of soil was required. Permission to such works was obtained, and at the invitation of the colleagues of the embassy during July 2005 the second expedition departed into Beijing.
The results of search operations with the dissection of soil showed: temple was thorough unichtozhen.Byli undertaken special measures for the concealment both of the form of fracture and any it was trace burials in the tomb of temple. The construction rubbish remained after destruction and the fragments of walls were exported, and the pit formed on the spot of temple was filled up by the brought soil. Period of destruction - beginning of 1957. The presence of human bones in the tomb of temple makes it necessary to doubt the civilized reburial of remains and indicates, it is faster, to their urgent destruction.
Thus, apropos of the remains of alapayevskikh martyrs it remains two versions:
1. According to the agreement with MIDom OF THE USSR or on its direct indication the remains of the members of emperor family they were destroyed on the spot.
2. Remains they were postponed into the tomb of Serafim sarovskiy's temple by Russian cemetery. At present on this place is located area for the game into the golf.
At present B.Aleksandrovym is prepared the concept of the memorial, which is intended to establish on this holy place due to the non-budgetary financing. The architectural-planning solution and detailed engineering designs are prepared, they are transmitted for agreement into Moscow Patriarkhiya and Posol'stvo RF. From the side of the workers of embassy is complete understanding and a support of our initiatives. Works coordinates the ambassador RF to PRC - CHINESE PEOPLES' REPUBLIC NUMBER SYSTEMS it is single.
B.G. Aleksandrov,
the son K.B. Of keping (on 23 June 2006 g.)